题目：多维能源贫困与心理健康：来自加纳的微观证据(Multidimensional Energy Poverty and Mental Health: Micro-Level Evidence from Ghana)

作者：林伯强*，Michael Adu Okyere

期刊：国际环境研究与公共健康(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health)

详细：17卷，2020年9月

DOI：https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186726

文献导读：

能源贫困的概念包括能源可获取性和可承受性两方面内涵。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区（SSA）能源贫困问题仍十分严重，该地区2016年有超过6亿人无法用电，其中80%居住在农村地区。但是，SSA地区的政策制定者对能源贫困的认识不足，仅关注电网的建设和液化石油气（LPG）的供应，而忽略了人们对能源的支付能力。因此，应当建立多维指标来衡量能源贫困，为政策制定者和市场参与者提供更全面的参考。

能源贫困的家庭无法获得现代能源服务，可能造成家庭成员的长期压力或焦虑。例如，撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数国家气温较高，当居民由于无法获得足够的能源服务而难以适应气温时，高温会扰乱睡眠，引起暴躁、烦躁和长期焦虑等负面情绪。居民有时会打开门窗来应对高温天气，这又加重了居民对犯罪和暴力的恐惧，导致心理健康状况进一步恶化。

那么能源贫困对心理健康的影响程度究竟有多大？本研究基于发展中国家加纳，构建多维能源贫困指标，研究其对心理健康的影响。

Abstract: Regardless of growing interest and awareness of the effect of energy poverty on mental health, studies on this linkage have mainly relied on unidimensional measures of energy poverty with much concentration on advanced economies. Employing a two-wave socioeconomic survey, we analyzed the impact of multidimensional energy poverty on mental health in Ghana. We found energy poverty to heighten the chances of being mentally unhealthy. Using prices of liquefied petroleum gas and electricity as instruments for multidimensional energy poverty, we found that a rise in energy deprivation is associated with a 0.562-, 1.494-and 1.867-fold increase in the odds of being mildly, moderately and severely depressed, respectively. Among the indicators of multidimensional energy poverty, a deprivation in household appliance ownership (refrigerator ownership), recorded the highest impact on the depression levels of household heads. We concluded by urging policymakers to adopt a holistic approach in solving issues of energy poverty where simultaneous attention is given to all the dimensions of energy poverty since they collectively have detrimental effects on mental health, especially in a developing country setting.

Keywords: multidimensional energy poverty; mental health; developing country