题目：多要素Malmquist 二氧化碳排放绩效指标:来自撒哈拉以南非洲公共火电厂的证据(A multi factor Malmquist CO2 emission performance indices: Evidence from Sub Saharan African public thermal power plants)

作者：林伯强*，Rockson Sai

期刊：能源(Energy)

详细：223卷，2021年2月

DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120081

文献导读：

发电过程是化石燃料燃烧产生碳排放的主要部分，占全球二氧化碳排放的40%以上。因此，发电行业处于实现净零碳排放辩论的中心。分析SSA发电厂的CO2排放绩效对减少气候变化威胁具有重要意义。本文采用MNMCPI下的NDDF框架，评价了SSA公共电厂的动态CO2排放绩效指标。与有关SSA的以往研究不同，(1)该方法同时考虑了公共火电厂的期望产出和非期望产出。(2)对处于不同技术水平下的国家进行了综合分析。由于不同国家或地区的化石燃料资源优势不均衡，区域间的技术差异性是一个不可忽视的重要特征。该方法进一步将CO2排放绩效指标分解为创新效应、追赶效应和技术领导效应。(3)在气候变化背景下，该研究将有助于SSA领导人密切跟踪化石发电厂的影响。本研究为SSA电厂CO2排放指标的动态绩效增加了文献实证依据。

Abstract: About 70% of Sub Saharan Africa’s (SSA) electricity generation comes from fossil fuels. However, the overdependence on these resources has contributed to the increasing global temperature levels leading to an annual average of 10%e13% decline in GDP per capita growth in the region. Besides, SSA’s contribution to Climate Change is marginal yet recognized as the hardest hit in the world. Therefore, considering technology heterogeneity, the study applies Meta frontier non-radial Malmquist index of CO2emission (MNMCPI) to estimate the changes in the performance of CO2 emission and its decompositions in public thermal power plants across 18 SSA countries over 2005e2016 year period. The results depict that, averagely, the CO2 emission performance changes progressed slightly by 0.3% over the sample period, largely due to technological progress. Regionally, West Africa has the highest MNMCPI. Southern Africa emerged as the technology leader among all regions. The technical efficiency change index decline in all regions. Targeted policy implications are provided to enhance the transfer of advanced technologies and management experience to minimize CO2 emissions.

Keywords: Performance of CO2 emission; Malmquist index; Public thermal power plants; Sub Saharan Africa