题目:巴基斯坦与能源相关的二氧化碳排放分析(Analysis of energy related CO2 emissions in Pakistan)
作者:林伯强*,Raza, M.Y.
期刊:清洁生产(Journal of Cleaner Production)
详细:219卷,2019年5月10日,981-993页
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.112
文献导读:
温室气体排放导致了气候变化,气候变化造成了极端天气现象频发,对农业、林业生产造成了影响,还在一定程度上导致了家庭收入的减少和贫困的增加。气候变化对巴基斯坦水供应、作物收成、畜牧、森林以及生物多样性都产生了直接影响。尽管巴基斯坦对全球排放量的贡献率仅为0.8%,但巴基斯坦政府致力于通过改变技术等措施来减少温室气体排放。巴基斯坦在减少二氧化碳排放方面关键的措施之一是可再生能源技术,可再生能源供应以每年47%的速度增长。与此同时,巴基斯坦的煤炭总探明储量为1851.75亿吨,可以用来作为廉价的能源。能源消费结构对巴基斯坦的经济增长和碳减排起着至关重要的作用。
本文旨在考察巴基斯坦碳排放的驱动因素,研究变量涉及国际收支平衡、经济增长、能源安全和环境可持续性。基于1978-2017年巴基斯坦能源相关的排放数据,使用对数平均迪氏分解(LMDI)对现有时期的碳排放变化及其影响进行了分析,本文分析各要素之间的线性和非线性关系,提出了减少巴基斯坦二氧化碳排放的政策建议。这项研究不仅有利于巴基斯坦对不同部门制定可持续发展的政策,也对巴基斯坦和其他相似经济体的二氧化碳减排具有一定的参考意义。
Abstract:
CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions from fossil fuels have turned out one of the most perilous and complex issues driving the climate change debate. The issue of increasing demand for electricity at the same time reducing CO2 emissions has become important worldwide. This study evaluates the CO2 emissions from the power sector of Pakistan during 1978–2017 using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index technique and scenario analysis. We estimate LMDI to check the change under prearranged elements. According to results, the shift in population, activity effects, and gross domestic product are the essential factors in charge of the increase in CO2 emissions while carbon intensity and energy intensity effects participate in cutting emissions. Finally, scenario analysis found overall activity increases due to population and intensity of CO2 emissions, but carbon intensity could be reduced by using cleaner energy technologies. The findings suggest that CO2 emissions will possibly arrive at 277.9 Mt in 2035 in Pakistan. In relation with the main findings, some targeted policies suggestions are provided.
Keywords: CO2; Fossil fuel consumption; Total energy consumption; Clean energy; LMDI