
题目:巴基斯坦化工行业的清洁生产现状:基于节能减排的视角(Cleaner production of Pakistan’s chemical industry: Perspectives of energy conservation and emissions reduction)
作者:Muhammad Yousaf Raza,林伯强*,刘希颖
期刊:清洁生产(Journal of Cleaner Production)
详细:278卷, 2021年1月,123888
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123888
文献导读:
随着巴基斯坦经济和工业的飞速发展,对化学品的需求也在逐渐增加。化工行业利用化学技术制造不同的化学产品以满足社会和经济需求。小型和大型化工行业(即化学原料、生产活动和化学产品)的生产消耗了大量的能源。巴基斯坦的化工产业与制造业有着密切的联系,因而在制造业和经济发展中发挥着关键作用。本研究探讨了巴基斯坦的化学原料、化工产品、化工能源利用、经济增长和二氧化碳排放之间的关系。
本文的研究动机如下:第一,与发达国家相比,巴基斯坦化学工业制造过程中生产投入的分配比例相对不合理,造成大量能源消耗和二氧化碳排放。能源和非能源要素的替代对于巴基斯坦的工业规划、能源使用和二氧化碳减排至关重要。第二,随着经济增长,巴基斯坦对能源要素和非能源要素的需求不断增长,有必要对生产要素的需求进行预测并与未来的要素供应进行比较。政府应该同时关注能源和燃料要素间替代的可能性。第三,过去的研究大多关注巴基斯坦的运输业和工业,而现有的研究主要集中在巴基斯坦的化学工业。基于上述背景,本文分析了巴基斯坦化工行业的能源和非能源要素投入之间的替代关系以针对性提出化工行业的节能减排政策;此外,本文还通过构建生产函数和要素替代弹性估计巴基斯坦化工行业的节能减排量。
Abstract: The chemical industry is one of the highest energy-consuming and CO2 (carbon dioxide) emitting sectors in Pakistan. It is important to understand and identify ways to improve the sustainability features of the input factors. This research has attempted to examine the potential of input factors (capital, labor and energy consumption), output elasticities, and substitution elasticities in Pakistan’s chemical sector by using a translog production function. The ridge regression technique was applied to investigate the parameters of the function during 1980–2018. The results show that the output elasticities between capital, labor and energy consumption are positive; the elasticities of substitution between capital-energy, capital-labor and labor-energy consumption are close to 1, stable, and positive, which shows that these indicators are substitutes for one another. Moreover, based on the analyzed methodology, we estimate the level of energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction in 2018. Policy suggestions related to the given outcomes are presented below.
Keywords: Energy consumption, Chemical industry, CO2 emissions, Trans-log production function, Pakistan